Initially, we keep a safe distance from our patients in order to evaluate the animal without disturbing it. We call this first step a visual exam. Since most wild animals will display a fight-or-flight response if startled or approached too closely, we often begin by observing the patient through binoculars.

If we need to perform a hands-on exam, we have two options. Some patients can be trained to allow a vet to examine them and administer treatments without restraint or anesthesia. Others must be captured and restrained, or anesthetized. In such situations, we get very close!